Understanding ADHD

Here when you are ready for it.

This page holds the fuller explanation: why ADHD in women gets missed, what masking costs, how hormones change the picture, and how ADHD and trauma overlap. Read it in one sitting or a piece at a time. There is no wrong way to use it.

Why it gets missed

ADHD in women isn't a milder version. It's just been misunderstood.

Most of what the world learned about ADHD, it learned from watching boys who couldn't sit still. Girls are identified at roughly half the rate of boys in childhood, and that gap narrows considerably by adulthood.1

Missed in childhood

The boys who couldn't sit still were the ones noticed. So the girls who daydreamed, talked “too much,” got good grades, followed the rules, or masked all day were missed. What nobody saw was the effort it took to hold it together at school, with friends, and at home. They found ways to pass the test and forgot the information afterward. Their jokes and their thoughts arrived a beat after the moment had passed. Their creativity got labeled as too much. And the overachieving was fueled by guilt, by the fear that if they relaxed, it would all fall apart.1,2,5

Masked in adulthood

Perfectionism, over-preparing, list-making, people-pleasing, rehearsing conversations before you have them. Effective masks, but expensive to maintain. The masking we learned as children, from social pressure and from trying to succeed, carries over into adulthood, and so do the messages underneath it. The price is that we lose sight of what our brains actually bring, because so much energy goes into fitting them into a system built for someone else. Masking is expensive. It is often when these masks stop working that a woman gets diagnosed, whether that is after having kids, in perimenopause, or during a stressful time in life.2

Misread as something else

Chronic overwhelm gets named anxiety. Executive shutdown gets named depression. Emotional intensity is misread as “too sensitive” or “too emotional.” Sometimes those conditions genuinely co-occur, but treating them while ADHD goes unnamed leaves the engine untouched.2,5

Hormones change the picture

Current research is pointing to symptoms of ADHD increasing at points when estrogen declines, during the menstrual cycle and in perimenopause. Recent research is showing a link between estrogen and dopamine in the body, which can affect ADHD symptoms. This has only been studied closely in recent years, and more research is needed for us to fully understand how hormones affect symptoms and medication management. What we do know is that estrogen declines affect women with ADHD, and finding care that understands this matters for a woman's health.6,9

No two of us look the same

Same diagnosis. Very different days.

ADHD is one diagnosis, but it does not arrive looking the same way twice. Two women can meet the same criteria and live completely different weeks.

One of us is meticulous

Colour-coded, over-prepared, three backup reminders, never late. Not because it comes easily, but because the alternative is everything falling apart. The organization is the scaffolding holding the whole thing up, and it is exhausting to maintain.

One of us is drowning in it

Piles that never resolve, systems abandoned by week two, the same four tasks migrating from list to list. Not from indifference. Often from having tried a dozen systems that were built for someone else's brain.

The same is true across the rest of it. Some of us talk too much, some go quiet. Some have a spotless kitchen and an unopened stack of mail. Some hyperfocus at work and have nothing left at home. Time blindness, rejection sensitivity, emotional intensity, hyperfocus: most of us have some of it, few of us have all of it, and the mix shifts with stress, hormones, sleep, and what a given season is asking of us.

This matters for care. If your ADHD does not look like the version in the article you read, that does not mean you do not have it, and it does not mean you are doing it wrong. It means the picture was always more varied than the checklist suggested.1,5

Many of us carry both

Trauma, ADHD, and the body.

ADHD and trauma are not the same thing, and they are not rare companions either. In adults, the two occur together in roughly a third of cases, and when both are present, day-to-day life tends to be harder and symptoms tend to be more intense.7

Easy to mistake for each other

Hypervigilance can look like distractibility. Shutting down can look like avoidance. Being called careless, forgetful, or too much for years leaves its own mark, even when nothing dramatic ever happened.

Why the body matters here

You can understand exactly why you feel the way you do and still feel it. Insight alone rarely settles a nervous system, which is why body-based work sits alongside talking rather than after it.8

Somatic Work

Using somatic work in therapy can be powerful and life changing. Whenever I introduce somatic or body work, I always want my clients to know they have full autonomy and I respect their space and comfort. You can always tell me “no, I don't want to do that.”

We will get curious about how your body is responding and reacting to life and to what we are talking about, and bring non-judgmental awareness. You will learn to tune in, and we take things step by step, allowing your comfort and your body to set the pace.

I have been studying and learning from one of the leaders in this work, Dr. Arielle Schwartz. I continue to grow as a practitioner on this topic and look forward to supporting you with somatic work if you choose.

References

Sources for the clinical statements on this page

1. Hinshaw SP, Nguyen PT, O'Grady SM, Rosenthal EA. Annual Research Review: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in girls and women: underrepresentation, longitudinal processes, and key directions. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry. 2022;63(4):484–496. doi:10.1111/jcpp.13480
2. Attoe DE, Climie EA. Miss. Diagnosis: A systematic review of ADHD in adult women. Journal of Attention Disorders. 2023;27:645–657.
3. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, Text Revision (DSM-5-TR). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association Publishing; 2022.
4. World Health Organization. International Classification of Diseases, Eleventh Revision (ICD-11). Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, 6A05; Complex post-traumatic stress disorder, 6B41. Geneva: World Health Organization.
5. Young S, Adamo N, Ásgeirsdóttir BB, et al. Females with ADHD: an expert consensus statement taking a lifespan approach providing guidance for the identification and treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in girls and women. BMC Psychiatry. 2020;20(1).
6. Eng AG, Nirjar U, Elkins AR, et al. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and the menstrual cycle: theory and evidence. Hormones and Behavior. 2024;158:105466. doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2023.105466
7. Magdi HM, Abousoliman AD, Ibrahim AM, Elsehrawy MG, El-Gazar HE, Zoromba MA. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder adult comorbidity: a systematic review. Systematic Reviews. 2025;14(1):41. doi:10.1186/s13643-025-02774-7
8. van der Kolk BA, Stone L, West J, Rhodes A, Emerson D, Suvak M, Spinazzola J. Yoga as an adjunctive treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 2014;75(6):e559–e565. doi:10.4088/JCP.13m08561
9. Osianlis E, Thomas EHX, Jenkins LM, Gurvich C. ADHD and sex hormones in females: a systematic review. Journal of Attention Disorders. 2025. doi:10.1177/10870547251332319